![]() – Isolated medial or diffuse knee pain location 2008).įurther clinical signs & symptoms include ( Décary et al. Furthermore, a popping sensation during trauma makes a meniscal tear more probable ( Wagemakers et al. The chance of a meniscus lesion is increased in case the patient is older than 40 years of age and has suffered from a rotation trauma during weight-bearing of the knee, which makes continuing activity impossible. (2006) found a strong association between meniscal damage and cartilage loss.Ī meniscal injury can cause pain and edema and a locking knee during flexion and extension. ![]() (2003) found a significantly higher frequency of meniscal tears in individuals with symptomatic OA. While the prevalence of meniscus tears is very high in asymptomatic individuals, Bhattacharyya et al. It is important to add that meniscal tears can lead to knee osteoarthritis (OA), but knee OA can also lead to a spontaneous meniscal tear through the breakdown and weakening of meniscal structure ( Englund et al. (2005) 43 out of 44 asymptomatic individuals with mean age of 41.1 (age range 20-68) showed at least one meniscal abnormality.Ģ7 individuals (61.4%) had abnormalities in at least three of the four regions of the knee. It should be mentioned that meniscus abnormalities seen on MRI seem to be extremely common in the asymptomatic population as well. While traumatic tears often occur in the menisci periphery and are seen in patients younger than 30, more complex and degenerative patterns tend to occur in older adults (Poehling et al. In the same study, 11% had a combined ACL and meniscus tear, while 9% had a combined medial collateral ligament tear and meniscus tear ( Kastelein et al. In a prospective cohort study in a primary care setting in the Netherlands, 35% of patients between 18 and 65 with an acute knee injury were diagnosed with a meniscus tear. The incidence of a meniscus injury presenting to the general practitioner is estimated at 2 out of 1.000 patients per year with a male: female ratio of 2,5:1 ( Belo et al. – Horizontal tears may progress to Flap tears – Radial/Transverse tears may progress to Parrot Beak Tears – Vertical/longitudinal tears may progress to Bucket Handle Tears Partial or full tears in the medial or lateral meniscus are further categorized into: The menisci can be damaged through acute trauma or long-lasting overuse. These different scenarios also lead to a different localization and type of rupture: In the case of a medial meniscus tear (with a chronic ACL tear) peripheral ruptures in the dorsal horn are seen more often and with a lateral meniscus tear (in the case of an acute ACL tear) more ruptures are seen in the dorsal horn or the mid-lateral third. On the other hand, the medial meniscus tears more often in patients with chronic ACL- insufficient knees who suffer a new trauma ( Murrel et al. In acute injuries, the lateral meniscus is torn more often than its medial counterpart ( Smith et al. For this reason, meniscal tears are often seen together with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. 2002).Īll movements which can lead to ligament injuries in the knee can also cause meniscus injuries ( Solomon et al. Meniscus injuries are mostly caused by rotation of a flexed knee into extension ( Bansal et al. The ligamentous attachment of the lateral meniscus is less developed, which gives it more freedom of movement than the medial meniscus. It is approximately 3cm wide and 3-4 cm long and is attached to the tibia anteriorly and posteriorly. The lateral meniscus has the form of a half-circle and has a greater tibial surface area than the medial meniscus. In general, the medial meniscus has a good capsular attachment via the coronary ligaments. The anterior horn is loose in 3-14% of the population. The medial horn is generally attached to the tibia. The posterior horn of the meniscus is bigger than its anterior portion. The medial meniscus has the form of a C and is approximately 3cm wide and 4-5cm long. The meniscus is essential for stability, shock absorption, distribution of forces, lubrication in the knee as well as proprioception. ![]() Meniscus Tear | Diagnosis & Treatment for Physios ![]()
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